Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and GSM modem

Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and GSM modem

Description:

In Vehicle tracking project, you can track the location of your Vehicle. This project gives Minute-by-minute updates about vehicle location by sending sms through GSM modem. This SMS contains longitude and latitude of the location of vehicle. Microcontroller is the central processing unit CPU of our project. Microcontroller gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to the user in Text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS. SMS will be sent to the owner of the vehicle.

GPS based Vehicle tracking system is required in many situations, like in case of car theft detection. This project will be useful when our car is stolen. Also if somebody wants to track school bus of their children, at that time it will be helpful to find out the location of kids. One more situation is when some company wants to track the location of the cab or transport bus of employee then in this case this vehicle tracking system will be very useful.

In GPS tracking system the location of vehicle is sent to remote place and it is done by GSM modem. Global Positioning System (GPS) modem requires minimum 3 satellites to calculate the exact location. This modem communicates only in single way with microcontroller. This means that it can only transmit data to microcontroller. GPS Modem does not receive any data from microcontroller. At the same time GPS modem does not send data to Satellite, it only receives signal from satellites.

Block diagram

circuit diagram

Circuit Operation:

The project is vehicle positioning and navigation system we can locate the vehicle around the globe with 8052 micro controller, GPS receiver, GSM modem, MAX 232, EEPROM. Microcontroller used is AT89S52. The code is written in the internal memory of Microcontroller i.e. ROM. With help of instruction set it processes the instructions and it acts as interface between GSM and GPS with help of serial communication of 8052. GPS always transmits the data and GSM transmits and receive the data.

GPS pin TX is connected to microcontroller via MAX232. GSM pins TX and RX are connected to microcontroller serial ports.

3.1.1 GPS GPS modules are popularly used for navigation, positioning, time and other purposes. GPS antenna receives the location values from the satellites. GPS gives information about: International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.3, June 2013 35

1) Message transmission time

2) Position at that time

 3. GSM

GSM modem is used for transmitting and receiving the data. SIM 300 is a tri- band GSM/GPRS engine.

 It works on various frequencies i.e. EGSM 900MHz, DCS 1800MHz and PCS 1900MHz.

AT commands are used to control MODEMs. AT is the abbreviation for Attention. These commands come from Hayes commands that were used by the Hayes smart modems. The Hayes commands started with AT to indicate the attention from the MODEM. The dial up and wireless MODEMs (devices that involve machine to machine communication) need AT commands to interact with a computer. These include the Hayes command set as a subset, along with other extended AT commands.

1)           AT - This command is used to check communication between the module and the computer.

For example,

AT        

OK

The command returns a result code OK if the computer (serial port) and module are connected properly. If any of module or SIM is not working, it would return a result code ERROR.

2)            +CMGF - This command is used to set the SMS mode. Either text or PDU mode can be selected by assigning 1 or 0 in the command.  

SYNTAX:         AT+CMGF=<mode>

0: for PDU mode

1: for text mode

The text mode of SMS is easier to operate but it allows limited features of SMS. The PDU      (protocol data unit) allows more access to SMS services but the operator requires bit level knowledge of TPDUs. The headers and body of SMS are accessed in hex format in PDU mode so it allows availing more features.

For example,  

                     AT+CMGF=1

                     OK

3)            +CMGW - This command is used to store message in the SIM.

SYNTAX:         AT+CMGW=” Phone number”> Message to be stored Ctrl+z

As one types AT+CMGW and phone number, ‘>’ sign appears on next line where one can type the message. Multiple line messages can be typed in this case. This is why the message is terminated by providing a ‘Ctrl+z’ combination. As Ctrl+z is pressed, the following information response is displayed on the screen.

+CMGW: Number on which message has been stored

4)            +CMGS - This command is used to send a SMS message to a phone number.

SYNTAX:         AT+CMGS= serial number of message to be send.

         

As the command AT+CMGS and serial number of message are entered, SMS is sent to the particular SIM.

            For example,

            AT+CMGS=1

OK

5)            ATD - This command is used to dial or call a number.

SYNTAX:         ATD<Phone number>;(Enter)

For example,

ATD123456789;

6)            ATA - This command is used to answer a call. An incoming call is indicated by a message ‘RING’ which is repeated for every ring of the call. When the call ends ‘NO CARRIER’ is displayed on the screen. 

SYNTAX:         ATA(Enter)

            

As ATA followed by enter key is pressed, incoming call is answered.

For example,

RING

RING

ATA

7)            ATH - This command is used to disconnect remote user link with the GSM module.

SYNTAX:         ATH (Enter)

List of AT commands:

The AT commands for both, GSM module and the mobile phone, are listed below. Some of these commands may not be supported by all the GSM modules available. Also there might be some commands which won’t be supported by some mobile handsets.

Testing :

Command	Description
AT	Checking communication between the module and computer.

Call control :

Command	Description
ATA	Answer command
ATD	Dial command
ATH	Hang up call
ATL	Monitor speaker loudness
ATM	Monitor speaker mode
ATO	Go on-line
ATP	Set pulse dial as default
ATT	Set tone dial as default
AT+CSTA	Select type of address
AT+CRC	Cellular result codes

Data card Control :

Command	Description
ATI	Identification
ATS	Select an S-register
ATZ	Recall stored profile
AT&F	Restore factory settings
AT&V	View active configuration
AT&W	Store parameters in given profile
AT&Y	Select Set as power up option
AT+CLCK	Facility lock command
AT+COLP	Connected line identification presentation
AT+GCAP	Request complete capabilities list
AT+GMI	Request manufacturer identification
AT+GMM	Request model identification
AT+GMR	Request revision identification
AT+GSN	Request product serial number identification (IMEI)

Phone control :

Command	Description
AT+CBC	Battery charge
AT+CGMI	Request manufacturer identification
AT+CGMM	Request model identification
AT+CGMR	Request revision identification
AT+CGSN	Request product serial number identification
AT+CMEE	Report mobile equipment error
AT+CPAS	Phone activity status
AT+CPBF	Find phone book entries
AT+CPBR	Read phone book entry
AT+CPBS	Select phone book memory storage
AT+CPBW	Write phone book entry
AT+CSCS	Select TE character set
AT+CSQ	Signal quality

Computer data interface :

Command	Description
ATE	Command Echo
ATQ	Result code suppression
ATV	Define response format
ATX	Response range selection
AT&C	Define DCD usage
AT&D	Define DTR usage
AT&K	Select flow control
AT&Q	Define communications mode option
AT&S	Define DSR option
AT+ICF	DTE-DCE character framing
AT+IFC	DTE-DCE Local flow control
AT+IPR	Fixed DTE rate

Service :

Command	Description
AT+CLIP	Calling line identification presentation
AT+CR	Service reporting control
AT+DR	Data compression reporting
AT+ILRR	DTE-DCE local rate reporting

Network Communication parameter :

Command	Description
ATB	Communications standard option
AT+CBST	Select bearer service type
AT+CEER	Extended error report
AT+CRLP	Radio link protocol
AT+DS	Data compression

Miscellaneous :

Command	Description
A/	Re-execute command line
AT?	Command help
AT*C	Start SMS interpreter
AT*T	Enter SMS block mode protocol
AT*V	Activate V.25bis mode
AT*NOKIATEST	Test command
AT+CESP	Enter SMS block mode protocol

SMS Text mode :

Command	Description
AT+CSMS	Select message service
AT+CPMS	Preferred message storage
AT+CMGF	Message format
AT+CSCA	Service centre address
AT+CSMP	Set text mode parameters
AT+CSDH	Show text mode parameters
AT+CSCB	Select cell broadcast message types
AT+CSAS	Save settings
AT+CRES	Restore settings
AT+CNMI	New message indications to TE
AT+CMGL	List messages
AT+CMGR	Read message
AT+CMGS	Send message
AT+CMSS	Send message from storage
AT+CMGW	Write message to memory
AT+CMGD	Delete message

SMS PDU mode :

Command	Description
AT+CMGL	List Messages
AT+CMGR	Read message
AT+CMGS	Send message
AT+CMGW	Write message to memory

 MICRO-CONTROLLER UNIT:

Micro-controller unit is constructed with ATMEL 89C51 Micro-controller chip. The ATMEL AT89C51 is a low power, higher performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). Its highdensity non-volatile memory compatible with standard MCS-51 instruction set makes it a powerful controller that provides highly flexible and cost effective solution to control applications.

The 8051 series of microcontrollers are highly integrated single Chip microcomputers with an 8-bit CPU, memory, interrupt controller, timers, Serial I/O and digital I/O on a single piece of silicon. The 8051 is an 8-bit Machine. Its memory is organized in bytes and practically all its instruction deal with byte quantities. It uses an Accumulator as the primary register for instruction Results. Other operands can be accessed using one of the four different addressing modes available: register implicit, direct, indirect or immediate. Operands reside in one of the five memory spaces of the 8051. The five memory spaces of the 8051 are: Program Memory, External Data Memory, Internal Data Memory, Special Function Registers and Bit Memory.

contact us : Div Yesh 

microcontroller.in@gmail.com