TRAFFIC LIGHT signal and MICROCONTROLLER for auto change

 TRAFFIC LIGHT signal and MICROCONTROLLER for auto change

        ABSTRACT

Vehicular traffic at intersecting streets is typically controlled by traffic control lights. The function of traffic lights requires sophisticated control and coordination to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible.

          INTRODUCTION

Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many modern cities around the world. Traffic congestion has been causing many critical problems and challenges in the major and most populated cities. To travel to different places within the city is becoming more difficult for the travelers in traffic. Due to these congestion problems, people lose time, miss opportunities, and get frustrated. Traffic congestion directly impacts the companies. Due to traffic congestions there is a loss in productivity from workers, trade opportunities are lost, delivery gets delayed, and thereby the costs goes on increasing.

The project uses simple Electronic components such as LED as TRAFFIC LIGHT indicator and a MICROCONTROLLER for auto change of signal after a pre-specified time interval.

circuit diagram

. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

(a) POWER SUPPLY:

 Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator Almost all electronic circuits required Dc power supply. Dc power supply is a circuit which converts the Ac wave form of power lines to direct voltage of constant amplitude. An ideal regulated power supply is designed to provide a pre- determined Dc voltage which is independent of the current drawn from the source. These circuits are special class of feedback amplifiers. All the benefits of 'ICs' are thus obtained: excellent performance, small size, ease of use, low cost, high and reliability.

(b) MICRO-CONTROLLER UNIT:

Micro-controller unit is constructed with ATMEL 89C51 Micro-controller chip. The ATMEL AT89C51 is a low power, higher performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). Its highdensity non-volatile memory compatible with standard MCS-51 instruction set makes it a powerful controller that provides highly flexible and cost effective solution to control applications.

The 8051 series of microcontrollers are highly integrated single Chip microcomputers with an 8-bit CPU, memory, interrupt controller, timers, Serial I/O and digital I/O on a single piece of silicon. The 8051 is an 8-bit Machine. Its memory is organized in bytes and practically all its instruction deal with byte quantities. It uses an Accumulator as the primary register for instruction Results. Other operands can be accessed using one of the four different addressing modes available: register implicit, direct, indirect or immediate. Operands reside in one of the five memory spaces of the 8051. The five memory spaces of the 8051 are: Program Memory, External Data Memory, Internal Data Memory, Special Function Registers and Bit Memory.

(c) Light Emitting Diode (LED): 

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. The color of the light is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor.

(d) DISPLAY: A seven-segment display, is a electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals. A seven segment display is composed of seven elements. Individually on or off, they can be combined to produce simplified representations of the Arabic numerals. The set values and the selected time intervals are shown on the 7- segment display. There are two types of displays available. One is common anode type display and the other is common cathode type display. In common cathode type display all the cathodes of the segments are tied together and connected to ground. The supply will be given to the required segment from the decoder or driver. In common anode type display the anodes of all the segments are tied together and connected to supply and the required segments will be connected to ground from the decoder or driver.

7.trafic light

Traffic light also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal lights, stop lights and robots,^[1] and also known technically as traffic control signals^[2] are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations to control competing flows of traffic. The first manually operated gas lit traffic light was installed in 1868 in London, though it was short-lived due to explosion. The first safe, automatic electric traffic lights were installed in the United States starting in the late 1890s.^[3]

Traffic lights alternate the right of way accorded to road users by displaying lights of a standard color (red, yellow, and green) following a universal color code.

 contact us : Div Yesh 

microcontroller.in@gmail.com